What roles do Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda play?

The seizure of the rebels of the M23 of the huge tracts of the country in the mineral east of the Democratic Republic of Congo launched a humanitarian and diplomatic crisis, which included several neighboring countries.

The alarming number of African countries already has troops arranged in a conflict zone, which has a long history of external interference.

DR Congo is such a huge country – two -thirds of Western Europe – that he is a member of both the eastern and southern African blocks.

Two regional groups join forces to hold an emergency summit on Saturday to try to end the fight.

So who are the main players and what they want?

The first and most important is the Congoon President Félix Tshiseeked. He wants to regain the territory lost to the rebels, including the largest eastern city of Gom, and prevent them from catching more.

The wrong leader of Rwanda Paul Kagama for supporting the M23 weapons and troupes, accusing Kigali of attacked by congenocone territory with the aim of robbery of mineral wealth and orchestration regimen in the country.

The case that Rwanda supports the M23 offensive is based on the evidence presented in the UN report broadly accepted by many African and Western governments, which requested to withdraw Kagama with their forces.

However, on Tshisikedi’s frustration, neither countered their rhetoric with action and responded to Kinshashas’ calls for sanctions and other difficult measures.

The Congoon leader is also concerned about retaining his place.

“I think it’s the political survival of his government,” said Jason Stearns, a former UN investigator Dr. Congo, and currently a professor at Simon Fraser University.

There is concern that the M23 campaign could strengthen the inner opposition forces or to trigger a coup in its army, which has a reputation of fragmentation and undermine corruption.

In this conflict, the longtime leader of Rwanda Kagama is the center of attention, but he practiced in rejection.

It has a long history of military intervention in Dr. Congo associated with the consequences of Rwanda genocide from 1994.

Rwanda does not admit that he provides military support from the M23, but repeatedly insists that he will do anything that is needed to defend.

Kagama claims that Rwande’s priority is to destroy the armed group formed by the perpetrators of Hutu genocide, who massacred Ruandan Tutsis and then fled to what the Eastern DR Congo is now.

He accused Dr. Congo’s army of joining forces with them and others of not only slaughtering Congoon Tutsis – which M23 claims to fight for protection – but to threaten Rwanda.

At the diplomatic level, Rwanda wants confirmation of his narrative-that the conflict is a Congolian problem, and Kigali simply defends his borders from spilling a civil war.

It is required to negotiate Kinshas directly with M23, which refuses.

But what really needs, Mr. Stearns said, “is to” maintain a sphere of influence in Eastern DR Congo. “

Rwanda has economic and security interests.

Kigali denies evidence that smuggling huge amounts of gold and other metals from the eastern Dr. Congo and sells them as his own. But approach to the mineral wealth of Dr. Kong for decades has been the initiator of the conflict in the region.

This time there are others, not the least personal animation between Kagama and Tshisecedi.

“Kagama wants to learn Tshiseeked the lesson about who is a strong guy in the block,” said Richard Moncrieff, who controls the African region of the Great Lake for the International Crisis Group (ICG).

Ruandans are “they will just keep fighting until they make concessions and … give them pretty free [the eastern province of] Northern Kiva, “he added.

Rwanda sees Burundi’s army as another security threat in the eastern Dr. Kong.

A nation that has been bordering Rwanda, etc. Congo has had thousands of soldiers for years for years. They went to hunt Burundi rebels, but now they support Kinshasa’s army in battles against M23.

Relations between Rwanda and Burundi are hostile. Two countries have a similar ethnic make-up, but unlike Rwanda, the majority Hutus is in power in Burundi. Both countries have accused each other of trying to overthrow their governments.

Burundy Evarista NDayishimiyi has announced a strongly processed warning on social media.

“If Rwanda continues to win,” he wrote, “I know the war will even arrive in Burunda … one day [Kagame] He wants to come to Burund – we won’t accept it. The war will expand. “

The threat would increase if the M23 continues its progress from Goma to the province of the southern Kiva closer to Burundi’s border, where its forces were stationed.

“What Burundi is looking for here is the survival of the regime,” said Mr. Stearns.

“Burundi is worried that if Rwanda troops … they extend his influence on the southern Kiva who could destabilize the government in Buburi. What is here is the stop of this rebellion before he approaches home too much.”

Some of the repetition colors of two wars that bypassed the region in the late 1990s, which crept into nine different countries and allegedly led to millions of fatalities.

This time, direct conflicts of the two army were able to expand the conflict of Dr. Kongga outside its borders.

Uganda is not directly involved, but there are also troops in the eastern Dr. Congo.

They help the Congolian government with a different security threat – hunting for militants with Uganda origin that are associated with a group of Islamic state.

But Uganda’s role is confusing – she works with Congo, while he allegedly provided at least a companied support of M23. UN experts say they have allowed them to use the Ugandan territory as a back base and supply route.

Campal strongly denies it. But that responded to the M23 offensive by putting their troops in “forward defensive posture”, to prevent other armed groups to exploit the crisis, he said.

Local residents reported that Uganda soldiers headed for the conflict zone, enhancing the fears of regional escalation.

Like Rwanda, Uganda has entered the East Dr. Congo in the past, claiming that she protects her limits. But he is also charged with robbery of natural resources, especially gold.

Analysts expect to protect their economic interests, while paying attention to the Ruadans.

“It is very clear that Uganda wants to keep his own influence in Eastern Dr. Congo, not pushing him a rival to Rwanda,” says Mr. Moncrieff.

South Africa contributed to most of the hulls of the South African regional forces that fight with the Congolian army and suffered great losses.

But he was also pushed into titles for stunningly vitrial exchange between Cigali and Johannesburg.

The South Africans blamed the death of 14 of their soldiers for defense forces in Rwandam, which President Cyril Ramaphos was disparaging “RDF militia”.

His defense minister claimed that he had warned Kagama that any further shooting would be taken as a statement of war.

This angered President Rwand, who said that the account of their conversation was a “lie” and called the South African “belligerent” force that must abandon Dr. Congo.

This is the sharpest end of a wide division between the East African community (EAC) and the southern African developmental community (Sadc).

EAC supports Rwanda’s invitation to direct conversations between Kinshas and M23.

While Sadc condemns RDF attacks on his soldiers, including the Tanzanian and Malawi troops, and confirmed their commitment to independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Dr. Cong.